The notion that pre-modern Chinese primarily used traditional ideographs has no factual basis.
Many of the so-called simplified ideographs are in fact traditional forms. They were stylistic variants used in informal registers. Not infrequently, the simplified variant was the only attested form of an ideograph in the informal genres.
Fast forward to present-day Mandarin, it has proven futile to imagine that a single character set could prevail in any given population. Even within established ‘simplified’ regions, ‘traditional’ character sets are freely used in everyday communications as an aesthetic or political choice. With the arrival of personal computing, the ability to decode is all it requires to be able to encode with ease.
Today, the task of the lexicographer is simply to document which style each variant of an ideograph came from.
***
In the table that follows, k’ai forms are those commonly used during the Chin–T’ang period; ts’ao, hsing and print forms are annotated with the period in which they are first attested. Use git blame to see the sources for such attestation.
Only forms that are still current in everyday usage tend to be included.
If all current variants of an ideograph already existed in k’ai, no other styles are exemplified. If a variant existed in ts’ao, it is not further exemplified from hsing. Being the cursive of k’ai, hsing is in general later than ts’ao, which was originally the cursive of li.
The etymology of an ideograph is only touched on insofar as such knowledge motivated the use of an archaising glyph in k’ai. Usage statement of dictionaries is cited as secondary evidence.
Bibliography
Theory
Sources
For studies of the variants in incunabulas, see Variant Ideographs in Incunabula. </details> </p> K'ai|Ts'ao|Hsing|Print|Note ---|---|---|---|--- 愛|/|爱 Sui|爱 Ming| 罷|/|/|罢 Ch'ing| 擺|/|/|摆 Ch'ing| 幫 Sung|/|/|帮 Ch'ing|幫 attested in 廣韻 綁 Ming|/|/|绑 Ming|綁 attested in 字彙 報|/|报 T'ang|报 Sung| 貝|/|/|/|贝 in Huang Hsiang & imitators & once in Ch'ing print 備 俻|/|/|备 Ch'ing| 筆 笔|/|/|笔 Yüan|笔 also in 集韻 as variant 邊|/|/|边 Yüan| 標|标 T'ang|/|/| 別 别|/|/|/|别 is stylistic variant 并 並 竝|/|/|/|竝 is archaism; in most Tunhuang sources, 并 is Prep & 並 V/Adv 補|/|/|/| 布|/|佈 Ming|/|佈 already in 廣韻 采 採|/|/|/| 產|/|/|/| 長|长 Han|/|长 Yüan| 廠 Sung|/|/|/|attested in 廣韻 抄|/|/|鈔 Ming|鈔 already in 廣韻 as variant; cf. Tseng–Ch'en (2018), 6 車|车 Han|/|/| 塵|/|/|/|尘 in 字彙補; not attested at Tunhuang 癡|/|痴 Ming|痴 Ch'ing| 擔|/|/|担 Yüan| 單|/|/|单 Yüan| 彈|/|/|/|cf. 彈 (t'an) 逓|/|/|/|遞 in 廣韻 is archaism; 递 in 宋本玉篇 點|/|点 Ming|/| 墊|/|/|垫 Ch'ing| 電|/|/|/| 東|东 Han|/|东 Ch'ing| 動|/|/|/| 闘|/|/|/|'闘鬬 中通下正' (干祿字書); 鬬 not attested at Tunhuang 鍍 Sung|/|/|/|attested in 廣韻 發|发 Chin|/|/| 髮|/|/|/| 泛 汎|/|/|/| 飯|/|/|/|飰 Sung print 費|费 Han|/|费 Ch'ing| 廢|废 T'ang|/|/| 風|/|/|/|cf. 鳳 鳳|/|/|风 Ming 凤 Ch'ing|风 commonly confused with 風 復|/|/|/| 杆|/|/|/|桿 in 元刋四聲篇海 構 搆|/|/|/| 骨 (TW) Ming|骨 (CN) T'ang|/|/|骨 (TW), attested in 字彙, is archaism 廣|/|/|/|広 1891 kanji 國|/|/|国 Ch'ing|国 1133 kanji; 囯 Sung print 過|/|/|过 Yüan| 後|/|后 Chin|后 Yüan| 畫|/|画 Ming|画 Ch'ing|畵 > 画 is late archaism 迴 廻 回|/|/|/| 會|会 Han|/|会 Ming| 匯 彙|/|/|/| 即|/|/|/|卽 in 廣韻 is archaism 極|/|/|/| 記|记 Han|/|记 Ch'ing| 迹 跡 蹟|/|/|/| 夹 夾|/|/|/|夾 is later archaism 艱|/|/|艰 Ming| 減 减|/|/|/| 檢|检 Wu|/|/| 簡|/|/|/| 脚 腳|/|/|/|腳 in 說文 & rare 解|/|觧 Chin|觧 Yüan| 徑|/|/|/| 據|/|/|据 Ch'ing| 雋|/|隽 Chin|/|從人 in MSS 覺|觉 T'ang|/|觉 Ch'ing| 軍|/|/|/| 刊 刋|/|/|/|刋 is stylistic variant 克 剋|/|/|/| 况 況|/|/|/|況 is archaism 礦 鑛|/|/|/|鉱 1889 kanji 来 來|/|/|/|來 is later archaism 樂|乐 Han|/|乐 Ch'ing| 龍|/|/|/| 論|/|/|/| 馬|马 Wu|/|马 Yüan|Unicode 马 has wrong stroke order 脉 脈|/|/|/|'脈脉 上說文下經典相承' (五經文字) 賣|/|/|/| 貿|贸 T'ang|/|/|cf. 貝 難|/|/|难 Ming| 惱 Sung|/|/|恼 Ch'ing|惱 attested in 廣韻 腦 Sung|/|/|脑 Ch'ing|腦 attested in 廣韻 農|/|/|/| 濃|/|/|/| 聶|/|/|/|cf. 攝 躡 躡|/|/|蹑 Ming| 砲 Sung|/|/|炮 Ch'ing| 評|/|评 Ming|/| 齊|/|齐 T'ang|齐 Ming| 騎|/|/|骑 Yüan| 氣 气|/|/|/|气 in 說文 & rare 棄 弃|/|/|/| 鉛|/|/|/| 牽|/|/|/| 潛 潜|/|/|潜 Ming| 鉗|/|/|/| 槍|/|/|/| 牆 墻|/|墙 Sung|墙 Sung| 權|/|/|权 Ming| 却 卻|/|/|/|卻 is archaism 羣 群|/|/|/| 繞 遶|/|绕 Ming|/| 熱|/|热 Ming|热 Yüan| 閏|/|闰 T'ang|/| 殺|/|/|杀 Yüan|'杀古殺字' (五經文字) 傷|/|/|/|伤 in Miao's forgery 攝|/|/|摄 Ming| 壽|/|/|寿 Yüan|寿 Sung hsing? 書|/|/|书 Ch'ing| 樹|/|/|/| 訴|/|诉 Sung|诉 Ch'ing| 雖|/|/|虽 Yüan| 孫|孙 Han|/|孙 Ming| 臺|/|/|台 Yüan| 態|/|/|/| 彈|/|/|弹 Ming| 體|/|/|体 Yüan|体 also in 字鑑 鐵|/|/|/|鉄 Yüan print & kanji 万 萬|/|/|/| 為 爲|为 Han|/|为 Yüan|爲 is later archaism 韋|/|/|/|cf. 違 違|违 Chin|/|违 Ch'ing| 無 无|/|/|/| 襲|/|/|/| 峡 峽|/|/|/|cf. 夹 險|/|险 T'ang|/| 寫|/|/|/| 脩|/|/|/|e.g. 歐陽脩 修|/|/|/|cf. 脩 許|/|许 Chin|/| 續|/|/|/| 學|学 Wu|/|/| 儀|/|/|仪 Yüan| 義|/|/|义 Yüan| 應|应 T'ang|/|应 Ch'ing|応 1753 kanji; Wang Hsi-chih's 应 in Li is fake 營|/|/|营 Yüan| 涌|/|/|/|湧 attested in 集韻 踊 踴|/|/|/|踴 attested in 集韻 與 与|/|/|/| 語|/|语 Chin|语 Ch'ing| 云 雲|/|/|/| 張|张 Han|/|/| 真 眞|/|/|/|眞 is archaism 鄭|/|郑 T'ang|郑 Ch'ing| 證|/|证 Ch'in|证 Ch'ing| 誌 Sung|/|/|/| 製|/|/|制 Ming| 質|/|/|质 Ch'ing| 種|/|/|/| 衆|/|众 Ming|众 Ch'ing|众 already in 龍龕手鏡人部 (玉篇 has a different glyph); 眾 is archaism 豬 猪|/|/|猪 Ming| 莊|庄 T'ang|/|庄 Ming|